Sriwijaya Journal of Sport publishes research journals and critical analysis studies in the areas of sport, published three times a year, in October, February, and June. The theme of the paper covers Physical Education, Sport Pedagogy, Sport Sociology, Sport Psychology, Sports Coaching, Sport Science, Sport Management, Sports Biomechanics, Sport Health, Sport Philosophy, Sports Industry, Sports Medicine, Traditional Sports, Sports Law, Sports History and Sport Physiology. Terms of publishing the manuscript were never published or filed in other journals, manuscripts originating from the National and International. Managed by the Département of Sport Education, FKIP Universitas Sriwijaya, Indonesia Journal title Sriwijaya Journal of Sport Initials SJS Abbreviation Sriwij. j. Sport. Frequency 3 issues per year (October, February, & June) DOI prefix 10.55379 by Crossref Print ISSN 2808-5701 Online ISSN 2808-5299 Editor-in-chief Herri Yusfi Affiliation Universitas Sriwijaya Publisher Universitas Sriwijaya, in collaboration with IAPES Citation Analysis Google Scholar | DOAJ | SINTA | Garuda | Dimensions OAI Journal https://sjs.ejournal.unsri.ac.id/index.php/sjs/oai
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Analysis of the level of training motivation among Soccer School athletes
Research Problems: Motivation is a key psychological factor influencing athletes’ engagement and consistency in training. In youth football development through Soccer Schools (SSB), training motivation serves as an indicator of long-term athlete development success. Research Objectives: This study aimed to determine the level of training motivation among Soccer School students in Bojonegoro Regency. A quantitative descriptive design was employed involving SSB students as participants. Methods: The method used in this study uses a quantitative descriptive approach, by taking data through a questionnaire as a form of approach and analysis of students who practice at SSB in Bojonegoro Regency, with a total of 122 children. Results: The results revealed that the overall training motivation level was categorized as high, with a mean percentage score of 79.74%. A total of 64.75% of students were classified in the high category and 35.24% in the very high category, with no participants in the moderate or low categories. Conclusion: These findings indicate that students demonstrate strong motivation to participate consistently in training sessions. It can be concluded that the training motivation of Soccer School students in Bojonegoro Regency is at a very favourable level and represents a significant foundation for sustainable athletic development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rico Oktavian, Ratna Candra Dewi , Pudjijuniarto Pudjijuniarto, Indra Himawan Susanto (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Profile of body mass index in swimming athletes aged 7–14 years
Research Background: Swimming performance is closely associated with athletes’ anthropometric characteristics and nutritional status. Body Mass Index (BMI) is widely used as a practical indicator to assess weight–height proportionality in youth athletes; however, evidence on BMI profiles among junior swimmers at the club level remains limited. Research Objective: This study aimed to describe the BMI profile and the distribution of nutritional status categories among junior swimming athletes aged 7–14 years based on BMI-for-age standards. Method: A quantitative descriptive study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 40 junior swimmers (20 males and 20 females) selected through total sampling. Body weight and height were measured using standard anthropometric procedures, and BMI was calculated and classified according to BMI-for-age growth references from the Indonesian Ministry of Health. Data were analyzed descriptively and supplemented with simple comparative analysis across age groups. Results: The results showed that the mean BMI was 18.44 ± 3.68 kg/m² (range: 10.43–31.37 kg/m²). Based on BMI-for-age classification, 30.0% of athletes were severely underweight, 27.5% underweight, 35.0% normal, 5.0% overweight, and 2.5% obese. In total, 57.5% of athletes were categorized as underweight. No significant differences in BMI were observed across age groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, most junior swimmers had BMI below the normal range despite regular training. These findings emphasize the importance of regular BMI-for-age monitoring, along with appropriate nutritional interventions to support optimal growth and athletic performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Moh. Hasbi Assidiqi, Luh Putu Tuti Ariani, I Ketut Yoda (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The effectiveness of dumbbell training on improving overhand serve ability in volleyball: an experimental study on beginner athletes
Research Background: Beginner volleyball athletes often experience difficulties in performing effective overhead serves, particularly in terms of strength and accuracy. One of the contributing factors is the lack of appropriate training methods that specifically target upper limb strength. Therefore, it is necessary to examine whether variations in dumbbell load (500 grams and 600 grams) can significantly improve overhead serve ability. Research Objective: This study aimed to examine the effect of different dumbbell loads, namely 500 grams and 600 grams, on improving volleyball overhead serve ability among beginner athletes. Method: This study employed an experimental design using a pretest-posttest control group design. The participants were 30 beginner athletes from the Bintang Muda Kediri Club. The samples were divided into three groups using the ordinal pairing technique: a 500-gram dumbbell group, a 600-gram dumbbell group, and a control group. The training program was conducted over four weeks, with a frequency of three sessions per week. Data were analyzed using ANOVA to determine differences between groups. Results: The results indicated a significant improvement in overhead serve ability across all groups (p < 0.05). However, the group trained with 600-gram dumbbells showed the highest improvement compared to the other groups. The ANOVA test results (F = 44.23; p = 0.000) confirmed that there were significant differences among the groups. Conclusion: Both 500-gram and 600-gram dumbbell training were effective in improving overhead serve ability among beginner volleyball athletes. However, the 600-gram dumbbell load was found to be more effective. These findings suggest that incorporating appropriate resistance training can provide practical benefits for coaches in designing structured training programs to enhance athletes’ performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mochhammad Imam Bastomi Arga, Andun Sudjandoko, Dita Yuliastrid, Testa Adi Nugroho (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The relationship between time management and learning outcomes in Physical Education among Junior High School students
Research Background: Time management skills are considered an important learning competency frequently associated with students’ academic achievement, as they contribute to organizing learning activities, improving learning readiness, and supporting effective task completion. In Physical Education, the learning process emphasizes not only conceptual understanding but also practical skills involving physical activities. These distinctive learning characteristics raise questions regarding whether time management skills are related to PE learning outcomes in both cognitive and psychomotor domains. Research Objective: This study aims to examine the relationship between time management skills and PE learning outcomes among ninth-grade students of SMP Khadijah Surabaya. Methods: This study employed a quantitative approach with a correlational research design. The participants consisted of 154 students selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through a time management skills questionnaire and assessments of cognitive and psychomotor learning outcomes aligned with the school curriculum standards. Data analysis was conducted using the Spearman Rank correlation test to identify relationships between research variables. Results: The findings indicated no significant relationship between time management skills and cognitive learning outcomes (r = 0.018; p = 0.829), psychomotor learning outcomes (r = 0.002; p = 0.977), or overall, PE learning outcomes (r = 0.014; p = 0.862). Conclusion: Time management skills are not a primary factor influencing students’ PE learning achievement. PE learning outcomes are more strongly influenced by the quality of the learning process, physical activity motivation, practical experience, and a supportive learning environment that encourages active student engagement.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Zaki, Sri Wicahyani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The relationship between physical activity and physical fitness among adolescents aged 15–16 years
Research Background: Physical activity plays an important role in shaping students' physical fitness, which affects their physical and mental readiness to participate in physical education classes. However, empirical studies that specifically examine the relationship between physical activity and physical fitness of 10th grade high school students using the Indonesian Physical Fitness Test in the context of public schools in Semarang City are still limited. Differences in school environment characteristics and students' physical activity patterns indicate the importance of context-based research to obtain a more relevant empirical picture. Research Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between the level of physical activity and physical fitness of 10th grade students at Semarang State High School 10. Method: This study used a quantitative approach with a correlational method. The research sample consisted of 30 students selected using cluster sampling with one class as a cluster. Physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire–Short Form (IPAQ-SF) questionnaire, while physical fitness was measured using the Indonesian Physical Fitness Test for the 16–19 age group. Data analysis was performed using Spearman's correlation test. Results: The results of the study indicate that most students have low levels of physical activity and their physical fitness levels are in the poor category. Correlation analysis shows that there is no significant relationship between physical activity and physical fitness among 10th grade students at State Senior High School 10 in Semarang. Conclusion: This study concludes that the physical activity performed by students has not contributed significantly to their physical fitness, indicating that the quality, intensity, and regularity of physical activity are not yet optimal. These findings have important implications for physical education teachers to design more structured physical activities oriented towards improving physical fitness. Further research is recommended to use more objective measurement instruments and involve other supporting variables to obtain a more comprehensive understanding.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yordan Baihaqi, Buyung Kusumawardhana, Agus Wiyanto, M. Jamaludin Siregar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Comparison of VO2max test results between the bleep test and the Harvard step test
Research Objectives: VO₂max represents the maximum capacity of the body to utilize oxygen during physical activity and reflects an individual's level of cardiorespiratory fitness. VO₂max can be measured using various field tests, including the Bleep Test and the Harvard Step Test. Research Objectives: This study aimed to compare the estimated VO₂max results obtained from these two methods using the same subjects. Methods: This research employed a descriptive approach involving 18 active students from the Sports Coaching Education Program at Campus III of the Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universitas Tanjungpura, as the research sample. The instruments used were the Bleep Test and the Harvard Step Test. In the Bleep Test, participants performed a 20-meter shuttle run following the rhythm of a “bleep” sound until reaching their maximum capacity. In the Harvard Step Test, participants performed stepping exercises on a 30 cm bench for 5 minutes, preceded by a 5-minute seated rest to measure the resting pulse, followed by recovery pulse measurements every minute for three minutes. Data were analyzed descriptively and further tested using the Wilcoxon test. Results: The results showed that the average estimated VO₂max from the Bleep Test was 36.50 ml/kg/min, while the Harvard Step Test produced an average of 36.57 ml/kg/min. The Wilcoxon test indicated a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.704 (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that there is no significant difference between the estimated VO₂max results obtained from the Bleep Test and the Harvard Step Test. However, the Harvard Step Test can be considered an alternative method for measuring VO₂max due to its practicality in implementation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hanira Hanira, Y. Touvan Juni Samodra (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Effectiveness of sports massage in reducing hamstring muscle tightness in students with prolonged sitting duration
Research Objectives: Students who sit for long periods are at risk of muscle stiffness due to lack of physical activity. This condition can cause hamstring muscle tightness, which reduces flexibility and increases the risk of injury. One intervention that can be used to address this issue is sports massage, which helps relax muscles and reduce muscle tension. Research Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of sports massage in reducing hamstring muscle tightness among students with prolonged sitting. Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental method using a pretest–posttest control group design. The participants were 15 male students from the Department of Nutrition at Universitas Negeri Surabaya (UNESA), cohorts 2023 and 2024. Data were collected by measuring hamstring muscle tightness before (pre-test) and after (post-test) the intervention. Data analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test to examine within-group differences and the Mann–Whitney U test to compare differences between the experimental and control groups. Results: The experimental group showed a significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores after receiving sports massage treatment, with a mean pre-test score of 25.67 and a mean post-test score of 18.33 (p < 0.05). In the control group, the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test also indicated a difference between pre-test and post-test scores (Z = -2.271; Sig. = 0.023), although the treatment did not influence the change. Furthermore, the Mann–Whitney U test revealed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Sports massage is effective in reducing hamstring muscle tightness in students with prolonged sitting duration and can be used as an intervention to improve muscle flexibility and reduce the risk of injury.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muchammad Asril Alfiansyah, Joesoef Roepajadi, Anna Noordia, A. Burhanuddin Kusuma Nugraha (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The role of tarung derajat extracurricular activities in shaping students’ character
Research Objectives: Strengthening character education is an important goal in schools and can be supported through non-academic activities, including martial arts–based extracurricular programs. Tarung Derajat, as a form of martial arts training, is believed to contribute to the development of positive character values such as discipline, responsibility, sportsmanship, and cooperation among students. Research Objectives: This study aims to analyze the role of Tarung Derajat extracurricular activities in shaping students’ character, particularly in the aspects of discipline, responsibility, sportsmanship, and cooperation at SMA Negeri 1 Sekaran, Lamongan Regency. Methods: This research employed a mixed-methods approach using an explanatory sequential design. Quantitative data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 30 students participating in the Tarung Derajat extracurricular program. Qualitative data were obtained through interviews with key informants, including the vice principal for student affairs, a physical education teacher, the Tarung Derajat coach, and participating students. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: The quantitative analysis showed that students’ character levels in the four aspects—discipline, responsibility, sportsmanship, and cooperation—were categorized as high. These findings were supported by qualitative data indicating that consistent training, mental development, and the values embedded in Tarung Derajat activities contributed positively to students’ character formation. Conclusion: Tarung Derajat extracurricular activities play a strategic role in supporting character education among students. Therefore, schools are encouraged to continuously optimize and sustain the implementation of such extracurricular programs to further strengthen students’ character development.
Kata Kunci: Tarung derajat, Ekstrakurikuler, Pembentukan Karakter, Disiplin, Tanggung Jawab, Sportivitas, Kerja Sama.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Khasanah, Indra Himawan Susanto, Yetty Septiani Mustar, Testa Adi Nugraha (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Parental motivation in children’s participation in pushbike sports: a descriptive study
Research Objectives: Children's sports programs have increasingly garnered attention from the government and society in recent years, particularly recreational sports like pushbike, which have become increasingly popular among children. Creating a supportive environment where parents can balance motivation with proper understanding is crucial to helping children effectively internalize the drive to engage in sports. Research Objectives: This study aims to analyze the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of parents in enrolling their children in the Academy Pushbike Jatim Pro. Methods: The method used was quantitative descriptive with a questionnaire containing 43 items distributed to 25 parent respondents. The data were analyzed descriptively using percentages to categorize motivation levels and were also presented in frequency diagrams for each category. Results: The results of the study indicate that parents' intrinsic motivation is more dominant in the high (32%) and very high (24%) categories, while extrinsic motivation is more prevalent in the low (44%) and very low (24%) categories. Overall, 32% of parents' motivation falls into the high category. Conclusion: These findings indicate the need for continuous evaluation and monitoring to develop young athletes with balanced intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Additionally, further research is recommended to explore children's motivation directly, thereby providing a more comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing children's sports performance.
Kata Kunci: Motivasi, Olahraga Rekreasi, Pushbike, Usia Dini, Orang Tua
Copyright (c) 2026 Rifdatul Jannah, Soni Sulistyarto, Andun Sudijandoko, Muhammad Dzul Fikri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The relationship between leg muscle mass and leg muscle explosive power on vertical jump height in basketball athletes
Research Problems: Basketball is a high-intensity sport that demands physical endurance, including strength, agility, endurance, speed, flexibility, balance, and explosive muscle power, while combining technical skills, tactical intelligence, and mental toughness. Increased leg muscle mass is directly proportional to strength and explosive power, which play an important role in jumping and shooting success. Research Objectives: This study aims to examine the relationship between leg muscle mass and leg muscle explosive power with jump height in basketball athletes, and the results can serve as a reference for coaches in designing more varied and effective training programs to improve overall team performance. Methods: This study uses a quantitative approach and correlation tests on 21 UNESA student league athletes, comprising 11 men and 10 women. Leg muscle mass instruments were taken using the Onpoint tool, while data on leg muscle explosive power and jump height were obtained using the Forcedecks tool. Results: The results of this study concluded that the three variables showed significant results, with data on left leg muscle mass (r=0.728; p=0.001) and right leg muscle mass (r=0.712; p=0.001) with jump height and data on leg muscle explosive power with jump height (r=0.813; p=0.001). Conclusion: these findings prove that increasing leg muscle mass and leg muscle explosive power contribute significantly to the vertical jump ability of basketball athletes, with leg muscle explosive power being the dominant factor in determining jump height.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nazilatus Shurdi, Hijrin Fithroni, Himawan Wismanadi, Muhammad Dzul Fikri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of physical condition components of petanque athletes
Research Problems: Physical condition is a fundamental component supporting performance in precision sports such as petanque. Optimal endurance, balance, strength, and flexibility are required to maintain stability, accuracy, and consistency during competition. However, empirical data regarding the physical condition profile of petanque athletes remains limited. Research Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the physical condition components of petanque athletes. Methods: This research employed a descriptive quantitative design involving 24 athletes selected using a total sampling technique. The instruments used were the Queen’s College Step Test (endurance), Standing Stork Test (balance), Handgrip Strength Test (strength), and Static Flexibility Test – shoulder and wrist (flexibility). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in the form of frequencies and percentages. Results: The results showed that endurance levels were categorized as very poor (33.3%), poor (8.3%), moderate (33.3%), good (20.8%), and very good (4.2%). Balance levels were very poor (4.2%), poor (8.3%), moderate (16.7%), good (33.3%), and very good (37.5%). Strength levels were very poor (25.0%), poor (29.2%), moderate (29.2%), good (16.7%), and none reached the very good category (0%). Flexibility levels showed that 100% of athletes were in the very good category. Conclusion: In conclusion, the physical condition profile indicates that balance and flexibility components are relatively well-developed, while endurance and strength require further improvement. These findings can serve as baseline data for designing more structured and targeted training programs to enhance athletes’ physical performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arsan Firdaus Ariyanto, Dita Yuliastrid, Heri Wahyudi, Indra Himawan Susanto (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The effect of Tabata training on increasing VO2max and arm muscle strength in athletes handball
Research Problems: Handball requires a combination of good physical fitness, speed, agility, and endurance. Optimal VO2Max is needed for athletes to maintain match performance, and must be supported by arm muscle strength to maximize passing and shooting quality. Tabata training, a form of HIIT training with a pattern of 20 seconds of high-intensity training and 10 seconds of rest in 8 sets, is effective in increasing VO2Max and arm muscle strength. However, the previous training method was considered too monotonous by athletes, so variations in movements, such as Tabat, were needed to maintain athlete motivation when doing it repeatedly. Research Objectives: to determine the effect of Tabata training on increasing VO2Max and arm muscle strength of handball athletes in Gresik Regency. Methods: With a quantitative research type and using a pre-experimental research method. The sample numbered 16 with certain criteria and with a purposive sampling technique. The measurement instruments used included the Multistage Fitness Test to measure VO₂Max and the Two-Hand Medicine Ball Put Test to measure arm muscle strength. Results: The data shows an increase in the average VO₂Max from 44.39 ml/kg/minute to 46.42 ml/kg/minute with a difference in increase of 2.03 ml/kg/minute and an increase in arm muscle strength from 5.01 meters to 5.42 meters with a difference in increase of 0.41 meters. Statistical tests with paired sample t-tests showed that the increase was significant (p <0.05). Conclusion: Tabata Training has a significant effect on increasing VO₂Max and arm muscle strength of Gresik Regency handball athletes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Akmal Abdillah Al Haq, Dita Yuliastrid, Roy Januardi Irawan, Testa Adi Nugraha (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of elementary school teachers’ knowledge of the deep learning approach in improving the quality of Physical Education learning
Research Background: The deep learning approach has the potential to improve the quality of physical education learning in elementary schools by strengthening deep understanding, critical thinking skills, and meaningful learning experiences. However, teachers' knowledge of this approach in the Special Region of Yogyakarta is still unknown. Research Objectives: This study aims to analyze teachers' understanding of deep learning and its implications for improving the quality of physical education learning in elementary schools. Method: This study uses a mixed methods approach with subjects being elementary school physical education teachers who are members of the KKG in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling with 30 teachers as respondents. Data were collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The instruments used were a 15-item questionnaire, interview guidelines, and supporting documents. The ethical procedures included informed consent, assurance of respondent confidentiality, and the use of data for academic purposes only. Results: Based on the questionnaire, 33.3% of teachers strongly agreed, 40% agreed, 16.7% were unsure, 6.7% disagreed, and 3.3% strongly disagreed with the application of deep learning in PJOK learning. Overall, 73.3% of teachers agreed or strongly agreed, indicating a high level of acceptance of this approach. Conclusion: Many elementary school teachers in the Special Region of Yogyakarta responded positively to the application of deep learning in PE learning. This approach is considered capable of improving the quality of learning, despite obstacles such as limited time, facilities, and teacher understanding. The practical implications of this study emphasize the importance of continuous training, the provision of adequate facilities, and intensive assistance so that the implementation of deep learning does not remain merely a discourse but can be applied systematically and sustainably in PJOK learning in elementary schools.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aris Fajar Pambudi, Nugroho Puji Santoso, Erwin Setyo Kriswanto, Nur Sita Utami (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The effect of resistance band training on the speed of athletes' sickle kicks
Research Problems: This study addresses the low speed of roundhouse kicks among Cham Petarung Sang Juara Pencak Silat athletes, a condition that can reduce attack effectiveness because slower kicks are more easily anticipated by opponents during competition. This issue is important to investigate, as kick speed is a crucial physical component that significantly influences athletic performance and competitive outcomes in pencak silat. Research Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of resistance band training on improving roundhouse kick speed in pencak silat athletes. Methods: A pre-experimental research design using a one-group pretest-posttest design was employed. The participants consisted of 10 pencak silat athletes selected through a total sampling technique. Resistance band training was used as the independent variable, while roundhouse kick speed served as the dependent variable and was measured using a 10-second kicking test. Data were analyzed using a paired t-test to examine differences in performance before and after the training intervention. Results: The results showed an increase in the mean kick speed score from 17.2 in the pretest to 21.5 in the posttest, with statistical analysis indicating a significant effect of resistance band training on kick speed improvement (p = 0.001; p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study concludes that resistance band training is effective in enhancing leg muscle strength and explosive power, which subsequently leads to increased roundhouse kick speed in pencak silat athletes. These findings contribute to the practical field of sports training by providing evidence-based support for coaches in developing more effective and varied training programs. Future research is recommended to include a control group and a larger sample size to strengthen causal conclusions and expand the generalizability of the findings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ibnul Karim, Heri Wahyudi, Sony Sulistyarto, Shidqi Hamdi Pratama Putera (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Performance analysis of Banyuwangi Regency judo athletes at the 8th East Java Provincial Sports Week 2023
Research Problems: Sport achievement requires systematic coaching supported by continuous evaluation to improve athletes’ technical and tactical performance. In combat sports such as judo, match performance is highly determined by the dominance of specific techniques applied effectively during competition. However, empirical data regarding technical dominance in regional-level competitions are still limited, particularly in the fighter category. Research Objectives: Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the dominance and distribution of techniques used by male judo athletes in the fighter category (-50 kg to +100 kg) at the 8th East Java Provincial Sports Week held in Mojokerto. Methods: This research employed a quantitative descriptive design using video-based match analysis. All recorded matches in the specified weight classes were systematically observed, and each successful technique was identified, classified, and tabulated to determine overall team technical trends. Results: The results revealed that throwing techniques (nage-waza) were more dominantly used compared to groundwork techniques (ne-waza), with several techniques such as seoi-nage and uchi-mata showing a higher frequency of successful execution. Conclusion: The findings indicate a technical preference pattern among athletes and highlight areas requiring improvement, particularly in variation and effectiveness of attack strategies. In conclusion, video-based match evaluation provides objective performance data that can be utilized by coaches to design evidence-based training programs and improve medal achievement in future competitions.
Copyright (c) 2026 G. M. Dwiko Jaya Sabatian, Lutfhi Abdil Khuddus, Fatkur Rohman Kafrawi, Catur Supriyanto (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of students’ motivation in participating in volleyball extracurricular activities
Research Problems: Volleyball is one of the extracurricular activities that is very popular among students at SMAN 10 Semarang. The existence of volleyball extracurricular activities at SMAN 10 Semarang must be accompanied by strong motivation in everyone. The results of observations showed that students who are members of the volleyball extracurricular at SMAN 10 Semarang do not show consistency. This raises the suspicion that there are differences in motivation that underlie students' participation in these activities. Research Objectives: This study aims to determine the level of intrinsic and extarinsic motivation of students in volleyball extracurricular activities at SMAN 10 Semarang. Methods: The approach used is descriptive quantitative, with data collection through questionnaires to describe the overall level of student motivation. Results: The results of the study show that the overall motivation of students at SMAN 10 Semarang who participated in volleyball extracurricular activities, as many as 20 students (66.7%) are in the high category of motivation to participate in volleyball extracurricular activities. The category of intrinsic motivation of students participating in volleyball extracurricular activities at SMAN 10 Semarang can be categorized as high (50.0%), and the extrinsic motivation of students participating in volleyball extracurricular activities at SMAN 10 Semarang is in the high category (80.0%). Conclusion: The results of the study show that the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of students at SMAN 10 Semarang are all in the high category of motivation. Therefore, it can be concluded that students' desire to participate in volleyball extracurricular activities at SMAN 10 Semarang arises because of a combination of their own desires and support from a complementary environment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sigit Widya Utama, Buyung Kusumawardhana, Agus Wiyanto Wiyanto, M. Jamaluddin Siregar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Development of e-journal-based participatory-reflective evaluation model in Physical Education learning
Physical Education teachers still face obstacles in conducting learning evaluations, especially on game materials that require process assessment, group performance, and student learning reflection. Assessments are often not carried out optimally due to time constraints and the unavailability of instruments capable of systematically documenting the learning process. This study aims to develop a reflective participatory evaluation model based on electronic learning journals as an alternative evaluation that supports student engagement and self-reflection. The study uses a Research and Development (R&D) approach with the R2D2 model through the stages of product determination, design, development, and testing. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling involving 27 participants (undergraduate and postgraduate students) who have experience in Physical Education learning. The instrument covers three story domains (attitudes, knowledge, and skills) and is validated using Pearson correlation and Cronbach's Alpha reliability. All items are declared valid (r-calculated > r-table = 0.32) with an average validity of 0.88 for the participatory instrument and 0.84 for the reflection instrument; The reliability was in the high category (α = 0.935; 0.793; 0.783). The novelty of this research lies in the integration of the participatory-reflective evaluation model with an electronic learning journal platform that allows real-time documentation of the learning process and increases student autonomy within the Merdeka Belajar framework. The developed product is considered feasible and effective in supporting the evaluation of Physical Education Learning. Further research is recommended to test the application of this model at different school levels, integrate it with automated data analysis, and compare it with other evaluation models to obtain a more comprehensive view of its effectiveness.
Copyright (c) 2024 Resty Gustiawati, Fahrudin Fahrudin, Terbit Surya, Muhamad Farhan Amien (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Comparison of the effectiveness of drills using a slide board and pull buoy on mastering freestyle swimming techniques
Research Problems: Fundamental skills in freestyle swimming are essential for the optimal development of swimming abilities, especially at an early age. However, many children aged 9–12 still struggle to effectively master basic techniques. Research Objectives: This study aims to compare the effect of drill methods using kickboards and pull buoys on improving fundamental freestyle swimming skills. Method: This quasi-experimental research employed a Two-Groups Pretest-Posttest Design involving 20 students from the Sai’pool Swimming Club in Cemengkalang, Sidoarjo, using matched subject ordinal pairing. Results: The t-test analysis showed a significance value of 0.000 (< 0.05), indicating a significant influence of both drill methods on enhancing basic freestyle swimming skills. Conclusion: It can be concluded that drill methods using kickboards and pull buoys are effective in improving freestyle swimming skills in children aged 9–12. This study recommends incorporating such tools into early-age swimming training programs to optimize the learning outcomes of basic techniques.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Alfreda Assakha, Luqmanul Hakim (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Exploring the relationship between agility, flexibility, and dribble ability in football
Research Problems: Dribbling is an important basic skill in soccer. Two physical components, agility and flexibility, are thought to influence dribbling ability. However, it is not clear which of the two contributes to this skill. Research Objectives: This study aims to analyze the relationship between agility, flexibility, and dribbling ability of Satria Kencana Serasi Academy players, Semarang Regency. Methods: The research used quantitative methods with Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression through SPSS 25. The sample consisted of 19 players. Results: The results of Pearson analysis showed that there was a significant positive relationship between agility and dribbling ability (r = 0.516; p < 0.05), but there was no significant relationship between flexibility and dribbling ability (r = -0.124; p > 0.05). Multiple linear regression test showed that agility and flexibility simultaneously did not have a significant effect on dribbling ability (F = 2.993; p > 0.05). Conclusion: Agility is more dominant than flexibility in supporting dribbling ability. Therefore, coaches are advised to emphasize agility training more to improve players' dribbling skills.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Feby Fakhriza, Purwono Sidik Permono (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The impact of effleurage massage on post-exercise physical recovery
Research Problems: Physical recovery is an important aspect in maintaining performance and preventing injuries in athletes. High-intensity training often causes muscle fatigue, decreased fitness, and delayed recovery. Various recovery methods are used to accelerate the return of athletes' physical condition, one of which is sports massage using the effleurage technique. This technique is believed to improve blood circulation, reduce muscle tension, and accelerate the recovery process after training or competition. Research Objectives: This study aims to determine the effect of the effleurage technique on the physical recovery process of Wushu Sanda athletes. Methods: The research design used a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design model with a sample of 10 male athletes aged 15–20 years. Measurements were taken using the Squat Jump test (explosive ability) and Wall Sit test (static muscle endurance). The procedure was carried out over two days, with no treatment (passive rest) on the first day and 12 minutes of effleurage on the second day. Results: The Wilcoxon test results showed a significant improvement in Squat Jump performance (p = 0.005), but no significant improvement in Wall Sit performance (p = 0.114). Conclusion: Effleurage is effective in accelerating dynamic muscle recovery and explosive ability, but is not yet optimal for static muscle endurance. This technique is recommended as part of an athlete's recovery program and may be more effective when combined with other methods such as active stretching or cryotherapy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Wahyu Hidayat, Roy Januardi Irawan, Soni Sulistyarto, Testa Adi Nugraha (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Enhancing students’ interest in Physical Education through the integration of Social Emotional Learning and Problem-Based Learning
Research Problems: This research was conducted based on the low level of students’ interest in physical education learning. The current physical education learning process has not been able to fully accommodate students’ needs and interests, resulting in low engagement and enthusiasm in learning. Teaching that integrates the Social Emotional Learning (SEL) approach with the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model is expected to facilitate diverse student characteristics and learning interests. Research Objectives: This study aimed to determine the improvement of students’ learning interest in physical education through the integrated SEL–PBL approach. Methods: The research employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) design conducted in two cycles, each consisting of four stages: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data on learning interest were collected using a learning interest questionnaire and analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Results: The results showed that the average percentage of students’ learning interest before the intervention was 51.5% (low), which increased to 56.25% (moderate) after the first cycle, and further improved to 86.75% (high) after the second cycle. Conclusion: Therefore, integrating the SEL approach within the PBL model can effectively enhance students’ interest in learning physical education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aji Dwi Rogo, Syamsuramel, M Armando Yusaromi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The influence of Wordwall technology learning on the learning outcomes of the volleyball serve
Research Problems: Physical Education learning still faces challenges due to the use of conventional media such as blackboards, books, lectures, and skill demonstrations. As a result, students struggle to understand and practice volleyball serving techniques. To keep up with global developments, learning needs to utilize technology to become more innovative, adaptive, and responsive. Research Objective: This study aims to investigate the extent to which the use of Wordwall learning media as a supporting technology influences student learning outcomes in volleyball service material. Method: An experimental method was employed as the primary approach for this research, utilizing a Non-Randomized Control Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Sample selection implemented Cluster Random Sampling that yielded two groups: the first group consisted of 20 students from class XI-1 who served as the experimental group, while the second group included 20 students from class XI-4 who functioned as the control group. Results: The normality test results show that the data are normally distributed. Based on the Paired Sample T-Test, the Sig. (2-tailed) The value is 0.000 for both skill and knowledge aspects, indicating that the use of Wordwall as a learning medium has a significant effect on students’ volleyball serve learning outcomes. The Independent Sample T-Test also shows significance values of 0.002 for skills and 0.000 for knowledge, indicating a significant difference between the group using Wordwall and the group not using it. In addition, the improvement test shows an increase of 39% in the knowledge aspect and 44% in the skill aspect. Conclusion: The use of Wordwall learning media was proven to create a significant impact on improving student learning outcomes when studying volleyball service. As a learning medium that utilizes technology, Wordwall offers an appropriate option to support Physical Education teaching and learning activities conducted in schools.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aktavia Putri Aisya, Bayu Budi Prakoso, Vega Candra Dinata, Moh. Fathur Rohman (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Improving students’ motivation through the use of interactive media in physical education learning
Research Problems: Students’ motivation in Physical Education learning is often low due to monotonous and less engaging teaching methods. The use of interactive media is expected to enhance students’ engagement and enthusiasm by providing a more interesting and enjoyable learning experience. Research Objectives: This study aims to improve students' learning motivation in PJOK subjects in class IX.1 SMPN 50 Palembang through the application of interactive learning media. The background of this study arose from the problem of low student learning motivation, especially in the PE theory material which is often considered monotonous and uninteresting. Methods: The Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach was used with the Kemmis and McTaggart model, which was implemented in two cycles. The interactive media used included digital presentations, learning videos, interactive quizzes, and simple visual exercises. Data were collected through observation, motivation questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. Results: The results of the study showed a significant increase in learning motivation, with the average questionnaire score increasing from 68 in the first cycle (moderate category) to 82 in the second cycle (high category). Improvements were also seen in active participation, enthusiasm for learning, and students' self-confidence during learning activities. Teachers stated that the use of interactive media made the learning process more effective, interesting, and easy to understand. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that interactive media plays a positive role in encouraging students' learning motivation in PJOK learning, and it is suggested that this strategy be applied more widely to various subjects to create a fun and meaningful learning atmosphere.
Copyright (c) 2025 Al Hafiz Saputra, Rasyono, Weni Agustina (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Physical fitness and shooting accuracy: an evaluative study on early adolescent archery athletes
Research Problem: Accuracy in archery is a crucial aspect that must be supported by optimal physical fitness to achieve consistent shooting performance. Research Objective: This study aims to evaluate the components of physical fitness and examine their relationship with shooting accuracy among U13 archery athletes. Methods: This research employed a quantitative descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used was total sampling, involving 20 athletes from the Fast Archery Club. Data were collected through a series of physical fitness tests, including the Stork Stand, Wall Toss Test, Hand Grip, Push-Up, and Beep Test, along with shooting accuracy assessments. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression to determine the relationship between physical fitness components and shooting accuracy. Results: The findings indicate that the physical fitness level of U13 archery athletes was mostly in the “sufficient” category (45%), while the average shooting accuracy score was 506.6. The correlation coefficient between physical fitness and shooting accuracy was r = 0.516 (p > 0.05), indicating a moderate but statistically nonsignificant relationship. Conclusion: There is a moderate relationship between physical fitness and shooting accuracy, although the correlation is not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Despite the sufficient level of physical fitness, it is necessary to implement specialized training programs focusing on improving shooting accuracy to optimize athlete performance. Future research is recommended to explore technical and psychological factors that may influence shooting accuracy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rahmaniar Wahyuningtias, Indra Himawan Susanto, Ananda Perwira Bakti, Soni Sulistyarto (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Innovative strategies for race walking learning through a traditional games approach to enhance learning motivation
Research Problems: Athletics is an engaging activity in physical education learning, but it is often less favored due to uninteresting material delivery. The implementation of traditional games in race walking lessons is expected to make the learning process more enjoyable and increase students’ interest and enthusiasm. Research Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the Effect of Variations in Traditional Games on Student Motivation in Race Walking Athletics Learning. Methods: This study used an experimental method with a One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design, where students' conditions were measured before and after treatment to determine the changes that occurred due to the application of traditional games. Results: The results of data analysis carried out with the help of SPSS 25 software showed a significant effect of the application of traditional games in race walking athletics learning. This is evidenced by the sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000, which is smaller than the significance limit of 0.05. Conclusion: Thus, the implementation of traditional games in race walking athletics lessons has proven effective in enhancing students’ learning motivation, especially at the junior high school level. Further research is recommended with a broader scope and longer duration to examine the long-term effects on learning outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Alvindo Dony Firmansyah, Astri Ayu Irawan, Asep Suherman (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Transforming volleyball passing technique learning through the stad cooperative model
Research Problems: At Madrasah Aliyah 2 in Banjarmasin City, many students still have difficulty mastering the basic technique of underhand passing, namely a lack of understanding of the concept of underhand passing, conventional teaching methods, and a lack of active student involvement in learning. Research Objective: The objective of this study is to improve underhand passing in volleyball through the STAD Cooperative Model. Method: This study is a Classroom Action Research based on the Kemmis and McTaggart cycle, which includes planning, implementing actions, observation, and reflection. The research subjects were 34 students from class X of MAN 2 Banjarmasin, and the research instruments were observation sheets for underhand passing skills and cognitive ability tests. Results: In Cycle I, 18 students (53%) mastered the underhand pass, and 20 students (58.82%) mastered volleyball knowledge. In Cycle II, there was an improvement, with 28 students (82.35%) mastering the underhand pass technique and 30 students (88.23%) mastering volleyball knowledge. Conclusion: The STAD cooperative learning model has proven effective in improving students' learning outcomes in cognitive and psychomotor aspects in the teaching of underhand passing techniques in volleyball.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ayu Oktolita Pertiwi, Mashud (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementing the Teams Game Tournament model to improve learning outcomes in sprint running
Research Problems: Students often show low interest in sprint running lessons, resulting in poor learning outcomes and limited participation. The implementation of the cooperative learning model, Teams Games Tournament (TGT), is expected to create a more interactive, competitive, and enjoyable learning atmosphere that enhances students’ understanding and performance. Research Objective: This study aims to improve students’ learning outcomes in sprint running athletics through the implementation of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) cooperative learning model. Method: The research was conducted at SMP Negeri 50 Palembang with eighth-grade students during the even semester of the 2024/2025 academic year. The method used was Classroom Action Research (CAR), carried out in two cycles, each consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. Data were collected through observation, learning outcome tests, and documentation. Results: The application of the TGT model effectively increased students’ active participation and learning outcomes in sprint running lessons. The class average score improved from Cycle I to Cycle II, with most students achieving scores above the Minimum Mastery Criteria. Conclusion: The TGT learning model successfully created a fun, competitive, and cooperative learning environment, proving effective in enhancing athletic learning outcomes. This study contributes to innovation in physical education learning and encourages teachers to adopt game-based cooperative approaches in their teaching practices.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aprilliani Kartika Putri, Rasyono Rasyono, Weni Agustina (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Identification of cognitive, affective, and practical aspects of Physical Education teachers regarding injury management
Research Problems: The handling of sports injuries by physical education teachers in the field is still not optimal, with survey results showing low knowledge and practice of the PRICES method. Improper handling has the potential to worsen the condition of injuries, while information and training related to the PRICES method are not yet evenly distributed among teachers. Research Objectives: This study aims to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of physical education teachers in providing first aid for sports injuries using the PRICES method in Pasuruan Regency. Methods: The study used a quantitative descriptive approach with a questionnaire consisting of 54 items distributed via Google Form. The population consisted of 35 physical education teachers from elementary, junior high, and high schools in Prigen Subdistrict using a total sampling technique. The data were analysed descriptively using percentages. Results: Many of the teachers (74%) were categorised as very poor, poor, and adequate in their knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to PRICES, while only 26% were categorised as good and very good. This indicates a lack of understanding and implementation of effective injury management protocols in schools. Conclusion: There is a need for comprehensive capacity building for physical education teachers, particularly in the affective and psychomotor aspects, as well as adequate training and facilities to improve preparedness for handling sports injuries in schools.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fathya Nabila Putri Cahyani, Indra Himawan Susanto, Yetty Septiani Mustar, Anada Perwira Bakti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The relationship between teacher competence, sports facilities, participation, and parental support on learning motivation in Physical Education
Research Problems: Student motivation in physical education classes is often low, which affects participation and learning outcomes. Several factors are thought to have an influence, including teacher competence, the quality of sports facilities, student participation, and the role of parents. Research Objectives: Identifying the relationships between variables. These relationships include teacher competence, quality of facilities and infrastructure, participation, and the role of parents in student motivation. These relationships can be viewed both individually and simultaneously. Methods: Quantitative research with correlational tests was applied in this study. The research subjects were all 82 students at SMPN 2 Dau Malang, using a saturated sampling technique. Questionnaires were used to collect data, and descriptive statistical tests and linear regression tests were applied in the research data analysis method. Results: Data analysis in simple linear regression tests and multiple linear tests showed values above 0.05, indicating a significant relationship between all research variables. Conclusion: Research indicates that the factors studied are substantially related to one another, both individually and simultaneously/collectively.
Quality of Sport Facilities and Infrastructure
Copyright (c) 2025 Dandi Erianta, Ahmad Lani, Harun Ahmad, Yani Sulis Tyoningsih (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The effect of shooting a stationary ball and a moving ball to wear the shooting accuracy of soccer academy
Research Problems: Many young soccer players struggle to maintain consistent shooting accuracy when transitioning between shooting a stationary ball and a moving ball during gameplay. This study examines the impact of the ball's condition—stationary versus moving—on the shooting accuracy of 14–to 15-year-old soccer players. Research Objectives: This study aims to determine the effect of stationary ball and moving ball shooting training on improving shooting accuracy in soccer. Methods: The research used a two-group pretest-posttest design with a total sample of 26 participants, divided evenly into two groups of 13. The first group underwent stationary ball shooting training, while the second group participated in moving ball shooting training. A shooting accuracy test was used as the research instrument to measure performance before and after the intervention. Results: The pretest results showed that the stationary ball group had an average value of 63.08, which increased to 77.69 in the posttest. Similarly, the moving ball group increased from an average of 60.00 to 74.62. An increase of 14.62 points in both groups. Data analysis involved the Shapiro-Wilk normality test and Levene’s homogeneity test, confirming that the data were normally distributed and homogeneous (p > 0.05). The Paired Samples t-test showed a significant difference between the pretest and posttest values in both groups (p = 0.000), indicating that the training given was effective in improving the accuracy of shots on goal. However, based on the Independent Samples Test, there was no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.454), although the average posttest score of the stationary ball group was slightly higher. Conclusion: Thus, stationary ball and moving ball shooting exercises are equally effective in improving shooting accuracy. These results support the implementation of both training methods in basic soccer coaching programs to enhance players' shooting precision. Future research should investigate the long-term effects of both training types across various age groups and skill levels to enhance generalizability and provide a broader understanding of optimal training strategies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Habid Wipa Rayhananda, Mohamad Annas (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0